uses of bricks
The reuse of heated air yields savings in fuel cost. Possibly the first successful brick-making machine was patented by Henry Clayton, employed at the Atlas Works in Middlesex, England, in 1855, and was capable of producing up to 25,000 bricks daily with minimal supervision. They are also used for face work and as ballast for reinforeced concrete work. Edges are straight and precise, making construction easier. Brick plays very important role in the field of civil engineering construction. Shape of Bricks 13.
(viii) The bricks should have low thermal conductivity and they should be sound-proof. Table 4-4 shows the colours produced by clays with various constituents.
(iv) The penetration of colouring liquid in ordinary bricks is about 3 mm or so. The weight of a fire-brick is about 30 to 35 N. The fire-bricks can resist high temperature without softening or melting. In the United Kingdom, the usual size of a modern brick is 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm (about 8 5⁄8 × 4 1⁄8 × 2 5⁄8 inches), which, with a nominal 10 mm (3⁄8 inch) mortar joint, forms a unit size of 225 × 112.5 × 75 mm (9 × 4 1⁄2 × 3 inches), for a ratio of 6:3:2. The South Asian inhabitants of Mehrgarh also constructed, and lived in, air-dried mudbrickhouses between 7000–3300 BC. [8] These bricks were made of red clay, fired on all sides to above 600 °C, and used as flooring for houses. The bricks should be sufficiently hard. The bricks used in construction works are burnt bricks and they are classified into the following four categories: These bricks are table-moulded and of standard shape and they are burnt in kilns. [28] Much like in Grand Rapids, municipalities across the United States began replacing brick streets with inexpensive asphalt concrete by the mid-20th century.[29].
Bricks are the small rectangular blocks typically made of fired or sun-dried clay, typically used in building. They were initially handmade and used as load bearing material for various structures. The presence of vegetation and organic matter in brick earth assists in burning.
Bricks can also be categorized according to their shape. It should not, in any case, exceed 20 per cent of weight of dry brick. Please note that the information in Civiltoday.com is designed to provide general information on the topics presented. The distance between the edges of successive perforations should preferably be not less than 10 mm.
They are never used in reinforced bricks work or face work of building.
This type of brick must have good thermal shock resistance, refractoriness under load, high melting point, and satisfactory porosity. The absence of grey or white deposits on its surface indicates absence of soluble salts. They were initially handmade and used as load bearing material for various structures. The bricks seem to have been produced since the dawn of the civilization in the sun-dried form. In practice however the bricks are not subjected to the tensile stresses.
It is then taken out and allowed to dry in shade. Following are the ingredients which are undesirable in the brick earth: If iron pyrites are present in brick earth, the bricks are crystallized and disintegrated during burning because of the oxidation of the iron pyrites. Just after a few minutes, they are cleaned with cold water and placed aside to dry. It was hot, filthy work. In this test, a brick is closely inspected. (iv) The third class and sun-dried bricks are used for construction work of temporary nature. 4-11 shows a chequered brick.
Concrete bricks are usually placed in facades, fences, and provide an excellent aesthetic presence. They are light in weight about one-third the weight of the ordinary brick of the same size. By the Qujialing period (3300 BC), fired bricks were being used to pave roads and as building foundations at Chengtoushan. The colour should be uniform and bright. It is then kneaded and converted into a plastic mass of required consistency. The lattice is capped with a roofing layer of finished brick. The production of burnt clay bricks on a scientific and modern basis including proper mining of clays can lead to availability of quality bricks. [4] Other more recent findings, dated between 7,000 and 6,395 BC, come from Jericho, Catal Hüyük, the ancient Egyptian fortress of Buhen, and the ancient Indus Valley cities of Mohenjo-daro, Harappa,[5] and Mehrgarh. Today, bricks are most often used for wall construction, especially as an ornamental outer wall surface. The bricks resist fire better than stone and hence, in case of a fire, they don’t easily disintegrate. The Great Wall of China (210 B.C.)
The bitumen is the binding material which is present in asphalt. If result is satisfactory, such clay should be adopted to manufacture bricks on a large scale. The surfaces and edges of the bricks are sharp, square, smooth and straight. Next Article: Characteristics of Good Bricks. and as road metal for soiling coat. Normally, bricks contain the following ingredients:[21]. Nowadays this is no longer an issue, as modern walls typically incorporate specialised insulation materials.
Thus the fire-clay is used in the manufacture of fire-bricks, crucibles, lining materials for furnaces, hollow tiles, etc.
In case of brickwork, the mortar joints are thin and hence the structure becomes more durable. These bricks are ground-moulded and they are burnt in clamps. The brickwork is inferior to the stonework in the following respects: Following are the constituents of good brick material: Following are the ingredients which are undesirable in the brick material: The good bricks which are to be used for the construction of important structures should posses the following qualities: Following factors affect the strength of bricks: It is thus obvious that not only the bricks of different brick fields will have different strengths, but in the same brick field, the bricks of the same batch may have different strengths. There is a large refractory brick industry, especially in the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Belgium and the Netherlands. Air-dried bricks, also known as mudbricks, have a history older than fired bricks, and have an additional ingredient of a mechanical binder such as straw. (ii) It can be adopted for expensive colours. These bricks give dull sound when struck together. What is Refractory or Fire Bricks?
The introduction of asphalt and concrete reduced the use of brick pavements, but they are still sometimes installed as a method of traffic calming or as a decorative surface in pedestrian precincts. The average compressive strength of concrete bricks is somewhere around 3,000 – 4,000 psi, while well fired (hard) clay Common or building – A brick not intended to be visible, used for internal structure, Face – A brick used on exterior surfaces to present a clean appearance, Hollow – not solid, the holes are less than 25% of the brick volume, Perforated – holes greater than 25% of the brick volume, Keyed – indentations in at least one face and end to be used with rendering and plastering, Paving – brick intended to be in ground contact as a walkway or roadway, Thin – brick with normal height and length but thin width to be used as a veneer, Chemically resistant – bricks made with resistance to chemical reactions, Ceramic glazed – fire bricks with a decorative glazing, A slightly larger brick requires less mortar and handling (fewer bricks), which reduces cost.
A number of country farm houses still exists in Great Britain and profess to be the monuments of the excellent hand-made bricks.
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Starting in the 20th century, the use of brickwork declined in some areas due to concerns about earthquakes. (vi) The bricks should be sufficiently hard. The centre of the curved portion is situated on the long centre-line of brick. The other major kiln type is the Bull's Trench Kiln (BTK), based on a design developed by British engineer W. Bull in the late 19th century. The bricks when broken or fractured should show a bright homogeneous and uniform compact structure free from voids. Hence, their cost is justified by their excellent performance in situations for which they are purposely prepared.
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