chimaera meaning biology

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a string of letters in a file that can be read as a DNA sequence) that originates from an actual chimera (i.e. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). When two zygotes do not undergo fusion but exchange cells and genetic material during development, two individuals, or twin chimeras, one or both of whom contain two genetically distinct cell populations, are produced.
Other types of chimeras include parthenogenetic and androgenetic chimeras.

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Chimera (Science: cell biology) organism composed of two genetically distinct types of cells. Human microchimeras are produced when fetal stem cells or maternal cells cross the placenta (fetal-maternal microchimerism) or following blood transfusion (transfusion-associated microchimerism) or organ transplantation.

For example, while there is some evidence that it may be associated with delayed hypersensitivity immune responses in fetuses and mothers, other studies have found associations between microchimerism and autoimmune disorders and skin disease. However, the formation of artificial chimeras can also be a useful tool in the molecular biology. In dispermic chimeras, two eggs that have been fertilized by two sperm fuse together, producing a so-called tetragametic individual—an individual originating from four gametes, or sex cells. (For information on the phenomenon in plants, see chimera.).

Omissions? Learn about the different types of muscle tissues in this t.. However, mammalian parthenogenetic chimeras have been developed experimentally and are commonly used for the study of developmental genetics. Did You Know? It occurs when the extension of an amplicon is aborted, and the aborted product functions as a primer in the next PCR cycle.

Can be formed by the fusion of two early blastula stage embryos or by the reconstitution of the bone marrow in an irradiated recipient or by somatic segregation. Indications of tetragametic chimerism include eyes differing in colour, patchwork skin coloration, and ambiguous external genitalia, which is a sign of hermaphroditism (having both male and female reproductive organs). Exceptions include the members of the genus Callorhinchus, the rabbit fish and the spotted ratfish, which locally or periodically can be found at relatively shallow depths.Consequently, these are also among the few species from the chimaera order kept in public … The latter is known to occur with sequencing of electrophoresis gels.[5]. [1], A chimera can occur as a single cDNA sequence originating from two transcripts. It is usually considered to be a contaminant in transcript and expressed sequence tag (which results in the moniker of EST chimera) databases.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Chimeras are generally considered a contaminant, as a chimera can be interpreted as a novel sequence while it is in fact an artifact. This lesson looks at population attributes, regulation, and growth. These individuals are produced when blood anastomoses (connections) form between the placentas of dizygotic twins, thereby enabling the transfer of stem cells between the developing embryos. There are over.. The physiological significance of microchimerism is poorly understood.

Chimeras are distinguished from mosaics, organisms that contain genetically different populations of cells originating from a single zygote, and from hybrids, organisms containing genetically identical populations of cells originating from a cross of two different species.

A genetic chimerism or chimera is a single organism composed of cells with more than one distinct genotype. The most widely known examples of twin chimerism are blood chimeras. In genetics and molecular biology, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating from multiple transcripts or parent sequences.

Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of Biology Online, its staff, or its partners. It can occur in various contexts.
Revisit some of the ecosystems you.. Weaving cartilage at zero g: the reality of tissue engineering in space, The chimeric eukaryote: Origin of the nucleus from the karyomastigont in amitochondriate protists. an physical DNA sequence in a sample) or produced due to misreading the sample.

Hence, it might be interpreted as a new species thereby inflating over diversity. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. A chimeric read is a digital DNA sequence (i.e. A chimera is a novel sequence that will most probably not match to any known organism. Any information here should not be considered absolutely correct, complete, and up-to-date.

How to use chimera in a sentence.

Human androgenetic chimeras appear to arise through the fusion of a normal zygote with an egg that lacks its own nucleus but has been fertilized and contains a duplicate paternal nucleus. Chimeras are generally considered a contaminant, as a chimera can be interpreted as a novel sequence while it is in fact an artifact. For example, in protein engineering, "chimeragenesis (forming chimeras between proteins that are encoded by homologous cD… The chimera was generated from a host embryo and embryonic stem cells, resulting in albino (white skin and pink eye) and brown skin (with black eye) characteristics. Chimera definition is - a fire-breathing she-monster in Greek mythology having a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail. In most instances, however, there are no observable symptoms of tetragametic chimerism, and the condition is detected only through extensive genetic analysis when standard tests, such as histocompatibility testing for tissue matching prior to organ transplantation, turn up unusual results. Mammalian androgenetic chimeras generated experimentally rarely survive to birth and often are afflicted by severe developmental disorders. For example, in protein engineering, "chimeragenesis (forming chimeras between proteins that are encoded by homologous cDNAs)"[1] is one of the "two major techniques used to manipulate cDNA sequences". When blood chimerism involves male and female twins, female exposure to male hormones results in freemartin syndrome, in which the female is masculinized; this commonly is seen in cattle and rarely in humans. Eventually, through reproduction and continued variation, fish came about. It can occur in various contexts. Some methods have been devised to detect chimeras, like: A single nucleic acid sequence created from fragments that are normally separated, This article is about a single DNA sequence. In human blood chimeras of the same sex, chimerism may be detected through routine blood typing, when unexpected results prompt further genetic investigation. The different tissues of tetragametic chimeras are made up of cells derived from one or both zygotes; for example, while one tissue type may consist of cells from one zygote, other tissues may consist of cells from the other zygote or may be cellular composites of both zygotes. The aborted product anneals to the wrong template and continues to extend, thereby synthesizing a single sequence sourced from two different templates.[4]. Chimera (Science: cell biology) organism composed of two genetically distinct types of cells. Animal chimeras are produced by the merg… [2] It is estimated that approximately 1% of all transcripts in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Unigene database contain a "chimeric sequence". chimera definition: 1. in Greek mythology (= ancient stories), a creature with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a…. In animals, this means an individual derived from two or more zygotes, which can include possessing blood cells of different blood types, subtle variations in form (phenotype) and, if the zygotes were of differing sexes, then even the possession of both female and male sex organs (this is just one of many different phenomena that may result in intersexuality).

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